| 4᠂ | ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 1775 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠫᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︽ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠡᠭ ᠰᠧᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠹᠦ᠋ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠧᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭᠢ | ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 1634—1775 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠠ 140 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | 2015 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠧᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | 1200 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 5000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ — ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠧᠪᠳᠡᠨ | ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢᠰ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︽ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ | ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠯᠤᠳᠤ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | 2015 ᠤᠨ ᠤ10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ | ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ | ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ | ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠪ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ︵ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ︶ | | | |