ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ
ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ  ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ  ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ  ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ  ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄
2020/10/21
ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠬᠦᠢᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠬᠦᠢᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠳᠤᠨᠢᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤᠡᠸᠦᠶᠢᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠬᠦᠢᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠤᠨᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠳᠤᠨᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ‌‍ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠰᠢᠯᠢ᠂ ᠫᠠᠲᠷᠸᠧ  ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1. ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1206 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠮᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠬᠦᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ  ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ  ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ︽ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ︽ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ︽ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ︾ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠤᠢ︾ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ 800 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠤᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ  ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠳᠪᠡ᠃ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠡ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠡ  ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ‌ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1212 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ 11 ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ 1215 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ  ᠲᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ  ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤᠳᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ︽ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠽᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 1210 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 450 ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠰᠸᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠰᠧᠮ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ  ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ 1219 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠰᠧᠮ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠽᠢ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠰᠸᠠᠮ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ  ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ 7 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1227 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ  ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ 1235 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ  ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃  ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ  ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ  ᠵᠦᠴᠢ   ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠸ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠤᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ 1241 ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1251 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 10 ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ 10 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ 2000 ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ — ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ︽ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ︾ ︵ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠢ ᠴᠧ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠾᠧ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠪᠡ 1241 ᠤᠨ  ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠾᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ 1259 ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ  ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 2. ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠰᠳ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠹᠠᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠴᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠬᠠᠷ ︵ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠽᠹᠧᠺᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ  ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 240 ᠤᠨ ︵1240—1480 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ︽ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ 70 ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠪᠡ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ︾  ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ  ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ  ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠤᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠧᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠰᠧ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ  ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠨᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠳᠦ᠋ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ 30—50 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠷ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠹᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠰᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠯᠢᠲ᠂ ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ 60 ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠶᠢᠽᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠷᠲ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠵᠤᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ  ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ  ᠃
 
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ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ
2014-2015 © ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠹᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠦ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ 蒙ICP备07002090号