| ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠽᠢ ︶ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ︵550BC---300BC) ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠩᠽᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠽᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ︵ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ | 40 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠩᠽᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠱᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ 7 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 58 ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠂ 9 ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ᠂ 1 | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠰᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ 240 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠂ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ 100—120 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ 26000 ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠃ | 1998 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ | ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | 58 ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠰ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ 2083 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠽᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ︽ᠵᠢᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠽᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠳᠡ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠽᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠶᠡ᠃ | |