︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠂ ᠤᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ —— ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠄ ︽ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | | ︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠧᠩᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠧ ᠯᠢᠦᠢ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1016︶ ᠤ | ᠰᠦᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠱᠢᠦᠸᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠯᠢᠨᠳᠦᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ︶ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠢᠩᠴᠧᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ︶ ᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ 80 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠩ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠶᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ | ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠿᠤᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠿᠤᠤ ᠯᠧ | ᠶᠠᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠡᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠸᠧᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠮᠦᠢ | ᠭᠡᠵᠢ᠃ ︵ ︽ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 44 1— | —442 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠂ ᠵᠦᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1924 ᠤᠨ ᠤ10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︶ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠩᠽᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠩᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠧᠦ ᠺᠧᠩ ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 1 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠱᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ | ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠢᠩᠽᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | 1972 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠢᠩᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠳᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ | ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠴᠦᠴᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠴᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ 26 | ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 13 ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠿᠤᠤᠵᠧᠦ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠂ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠩ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠴᠦᠯᠭᠡ ︵ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ | ᠴᠧᠩᠽᠦ ᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠯᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1410︶ ᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ 27 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ︵ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠠᠢ ᠃ ︵ ︽ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠦ ᠽᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ︶ ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ︵1646︶ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠴᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠄ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ — ︽ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠩ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠤᠨ ︵1660︶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ︵ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠯᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ︵ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠠ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠦ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︵ ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ | ᠳᠤ ︽ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ 308 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ | ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭ ᠂ | ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 63 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 42 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ︵ ︽ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ︶ ᠃ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠦᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1701 | ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1711 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠤᠳ ︽ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠦ ︽ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︽ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠦᠢ ︽ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃᠂ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1856︶ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ | ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠸᠠᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ︽ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠩ ︾ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠳᠡᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ︶ ᠂ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ︔ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ | ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ | ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ | 4 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ 25 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠡᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠫᠤᠤᠲ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠫᠤᠤᠲ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨᠴᠦ ︽ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1767 ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1865︶ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1930 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠼᠧᠮᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠦ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃1945 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠤᠳ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠦᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | 1908 ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠢᠢᠢ ᠭᠶᠦᠽᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠂ | 1946 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠽᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠦᠨ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠭᠠᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠂ ︵ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭᠩ ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ | ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | 1951 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠄ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | 1962 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1963 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ | ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ 145.3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢ 30 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ | 15 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 7 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.75 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠃ 15 — 80 ᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ 1956 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 5 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠂ | ᠵᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 4 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ 1968 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ | ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 8.5 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1973 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 8.5 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ 36.7 | ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ 200 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠄ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 16 ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂302 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠷ | ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠤᠰᠳᠦ ᠽᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠮᠡᠩᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠤᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠶᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ︽ᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠃ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠢ ︵ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠫᠢ ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠽᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠦᠢ ︽ᠽᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠄ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠸᠧ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠂ ᠲᠥᠩ᠂ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ240 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ︶ 300 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ 72 ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠤᠯᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠡᠯᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠬᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ︵1905 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠪᠪᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠬᠤᠤ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ︶ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠵᠦ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠦ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ | ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠦᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ 1982 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ | ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠴᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ | ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃ ︵︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠡᠯ 999 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ︵ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠰᠢ | ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥᠢ 1963 | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠄ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ( 嚴) | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠦ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠡᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠢᠳ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠦ᠊ | ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠡᠪᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ︵嚴 | ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ︾ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠶᠠᠨ ︾ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ | ᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ︽湟水》《湟水桥》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ 《水》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ︽ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ ︾ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦ《黑水 》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ︾ 1363 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠪᠠᠢ ︾ ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ︶ ᠲᠤ ︽ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ︽ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ︵ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠴᠦ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠡᠦ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨᠳᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠦ ︾ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ︾ | ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ︾ | ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪᠵᠠᠮᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︾ | ᠲ᠊ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ︵ᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠤᠷᠠᠭ︶︾ | | | |